il 36β  (R&D Systems)

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Increased Interleukin-36β Expression Promotes Angiogenesis in Japanese Atopic Dermatitis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241311104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. IL-36β is overexpressed on epidermal keratinocytes in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD). (A,B) IL-36β staining in healthy skin and AD lesional skin (n = 10, respectively). Representative images of IL-36β staining in AD skin (A) and in healthy skin (B) are shown (original magnification ×400). Arrows point to representative keratinocytes with the nuclear staining. (C) Double staining of IL-36β (red) and cytokeratin (brown) in AD lesional skin (n = 10). Representative image is shown. Arrows point to representative keratinocytes with nuclear IL-36β staining and cytokeratin staining. (D) IL-36β staining intensity is shown. The measured values from individual patients are plotted by dots. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Simultaneously, the recombinant human IL-36β protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were added, and the cells were incubated at 37 ◦C and 5% CO2.

Techniques: Staining, Double Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Increased Interleukin-36β Expression Promotes Angiogenesis in Japanese Atopic Dermatitis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241311104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Serum IL-36β levels are not elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) but decreased by dupilumab. (A) Serum IL-36β levels in AD patients (n = 36) and healthy control (n = 15). (B) Serum IL-36β levels in severe AD patients (n = 16) and mild/moderate AD patients (n = 20). (C) Serum IL-36β levels in AD patients (n = 7) before and after dupilumab treatment. The measured values from individual patients are plotted by dots. Bars represent the median. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Simultaneously, the recombinant human IL-36β protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were added, and the cells were incubated at 37 ◦C and 5% CO2.

Techniques: Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Increased Interleukin-36β Expression Promotes Angiogenesis in Japanese Atopic Dermatitis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241311104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. IL-36β promotes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) mRNA expression in HaCaT cells. (A,B) HaCaT were cultured with recombinant IL-36β (0, 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Messenger RNA levels of the indicated Th2 cytokines and chemokines (A) and angiogenic factors (B) were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. One representative result from three independent experiments. The measured values from individual samples are plotted by dots. Bars represent the median. (n = 4–6). * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Simultaneously, the recombinant human IL-36β protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were added, and the cells were incubated at 37 ◦C and 5% CO2.

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Recombinant, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Increased Interleukin-36β Expression Promotes Angiogenesis in Japanese Atopic Dermatitis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241311104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. IL-36β enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A protein production via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 pathway from HaCaT cells. (A) HaCaT cells were cultured with recombinant IL-36β (0, 50, 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Supernatant IL-36β levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (B) HaCaT cells were cultured with recombinant IL-36β (100 ng/mL) for 24 h in the absence or after preincubation with U0126 (20 nM), LY294002 (20 nM), SB203580 (20 nM), or sc-514 (40 nM). Supernatant IL-36β levels were evaluated by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. One representative result from three independent experiments. The measured values from individual samples are plotted by dots. Bars represent the median. (n = 6). * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Simultaneously, the recombinant human IL-36β protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were added, and the cells were incubated at 37 ◦C and 5% CO2.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Increased Interleukin-36β Expression Promotes Angiogenesis in Japanese Atopic Dermatitis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241311104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. IL-36β staining intensity in epidermal keratinocytes is correlated with the number of dermal vessels in lesional skin with atopic dermatitis (AD). (A–D) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A (A,B) and plancental growth factor (PlGF) (C,D) staining in healthy skin and AD lesional skin (n = 10, respectively). Representative images of VEGF-A and PlGF staining in AD skin (A,C), and in healthy skin (B,D) are shown (original magnification ×400). Arrows point to representative keratinocytes with the nuclear staining. (E,F) Double staining of IL-36β (red) and CD34 (brown) in AD lesional skin (n = 10). Representative images of AD skin with relatively few dermal vessels (E) and with relatively abundant dermal vessels (F) are shown (original magnification ×200). (G) The correlation between IL-36β staining intensity and the number of CD34-positive dermal vessels (n = 10). The measured values from individual patients are plotted by dots.

Article Snippet: Simultaneously, the recombinant human IL-36β protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were added, and the cells were incubated at 37 ◦C and 5% CO2.

Techniques: Staining, Double Staining